Cyanobacteria are capable of producing different structural groups of cyanobacterial toxins, namely cyclic peptides (microcystins, nodularins) which target hepatic function; alkaloids (anatoxins, saxitoxins) that target the nervous system, inflammatory agents (lyngbyatoxin-a and aplysiatoxin) which induce skin lesions and endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides) which are cutaneous and gastrointestinal irritants. Additive, synergistic and/or antagonistic effects among different classes of cyanobacterial metabolites, as well as interactions with other toxic stressors such as metals or persistent organic pollutants can impact on the severity of toxicity.
Veterinarians
Blended Course
CPD Points
Continued Professional Development
Test: Question and Answer
South African Veterinary Council (SAVC)
1 CPD Point
AC/0440/21
Pass the test with 80% - Retries allowed: 3